The news at the moment has been dominated by the news of Greek economic crisis. It is right for people to be concerned, the Greek economic crisis has the realistic possibility of dragging the European Union and the Euro currency down with it. Also, the lives of ordinary working class people living in Greece are set to be completely destroyed, whilst the ruling class in Greece and internationally continues to prosper at our expense.
This article is the first of two articles looking at the Greek Situation where I will try to explain briefly the routes of the crisis in Greece and the Eurozone.
The second piece will look at two further things that worry me deeply. Firstly, the implicit international hostility to the Greek people and the almost universally accepted notion that they must be made to pay for the crisis.
Secondly, the hostility towards the decision of premiere Papandreou to call for a referendum on the subject. The basic idea being that democracy at this point has to take a backseat while the men in suits go off and “fix the economy”.
The Routes of the Economic Crisis
The current economic crisis in Greece has it’s roots all the way back in the credit crunch of 2007/08 which became the global recession that we are currently enduring now.
Everyone knows how borrowing money works. If you want to borrow £100,000, you accept that you will need to eventually pay more than that £100,000 in interest in order for the bank to agree to lend you that money. The only reason that the bank will lend you that money is on the understanding that at some point in the future, you will pay them back the money and a significant profit.
Well back in the middle of the past decade banks all across the world were in a race to lend money. In the United States in particular, banks were lending money for mortgages for people to buy property, to people that normally you would consider to risky to lend to (people in precarious, low wage employment for example).
The thought was that because property prices were sky rocketing, that if these people did not meet their repayments, it didn’t matter to much to the bank, because they could just reclaim the house and sell it for a huge profit anyway. For the banks it appeared as a win/win situation…even if it did mean ruining people’s lives in the process.
Unfortunately people were defaulting on their loans a bit to quickly, just as the price of property began to nose dive. Normally this would just mean that American Banking would be hit. But in this day-and-age of international finance, when America sneezes, the world catches the flu.
The reason the crisis was able to spread is that in another desperate attempt to make profits on the debts of ordinary people, the debts of these homeowners was packaged up and sold…yes, you can actually sell debt! Once repackaged, these debt ‘securities’ were sold on and on, and on, and on…and on. The problem was that, at the speed which international financial transactions occur these days, there was no way of telling where the “bad debt” from the United States had gone. Nobody even knew how much “bad debt” there was.
This led to a “liquidity crisis”. Basically the banks did not know whether or not they had bought any of the “bad debt” so, although they had enough money to be getting on with business as usual, they were not lending to each other, to businesses or to the likes of you and I.
This meant businesses were not getting loans, their spending was going down, people were being laid-off, and the crisis spread from being a liquidity crisis of financial capitalism, to a being a full on economic crisis.
So in came the governments. After over three-and-a-half decades of neoliberal economic policy and it’s hostility to nationalisation, the Bush administration took part in the largest nationalization in history. The world powers got together and bailed-out the mortgage giving banks. Billions upon billions of tax payers money internationally was spent bailing out the banks so that they could get back to “business as usual”. Although a lot of the bailout money was spent on luxury boats, jets and other disgusting excesses of the bankers bonus culture, the bail-out, coupled with the quantitive easing championed by Gordon Brown suceeded…kinda.
The next article will explain how these crises lead to a situation where the ruling classes could make ordinary people, in Greece and beyond, pay for the economic crisis created by greedy bankers.